In the current world, many economies are heavily dependent om petroleum products to power their industries. Technological advances have now made it possible to exploit remote minefields and deliver this precious commodity to far flung markets. The need for an efficient means of crude oil transportation has arisen because it is unlikely for the demand and supply ends of the market to be located in one place.
From the oil field, the product is delivered via pipelines to the loading terminal for tankers or trains. These bulk movers then deliver it to the pipelines that serve the demand side of the market. Due to the sensitive nature of some end products, it is safer to refine the oil on the consumer side than to ferry them over the open seas.
Pipelines are arguably the safest means of transporting the sensitive products because they remain concealed beneath the earth surface. They link field gathering systems to storage and treatment facilities for measurements. A common feature with all pipelines is the presence of booster pumps along the transport route to propel the flowing liquids. Contrary to popular belief, these pipes are periodically used to move more than one kind of fluid to a designated point.
Popular sources of crude such as the Latin Americas and the middle east are heavily dependent on sea transport to market their products around the world. The international trade makes use of Very Large Crude Carriers to move crude across continents. There are big pollution risks associated with tankers whenever an oil spill occurs at sea.
For this reason, many shipping companies employ collision avoidance and satellite systems to trace the current location of their ships. Developments in technology have allowed the invention of specialized tankers such as the replenishment oiler that fuels moving vessels. All stakeholders in this industry are governed by strict regulations because of the risk they pose to the environment.
Chartering can either e voyage, bareboat, time or affreightment based. Every merchant ship must have a flag state which indicates the country in which it is registered. Registration efforts are also aimed at conducting inspection of both vessels and onboard equipment to ensure it meets the stipulated safety standards. Due to the stringent nature of these standards, tankers account for the largest percentage of scrapped vessels in the world.
At the loading point, the cargo mover reservoirs are filled with crude oil introduced through the loading manifold. All tanks have a mechanism that periodically links to the atmosphere to regulate the pressure of the fluid being handled. At the offloading points, the onboard pumps move the crude to awaiting reservoirs offshore. Afterwards, the tank may be cleaned in readiness for the handling of the next liquefied commodity to be moved.
If the crude oil transportation vessel held a less viscous liquid, water may suffice as a cleaning fluid. Sometimes, the water is heated and introduced by a high pressure spraying system all over the inner tank surface. Purging is them done by pumping volumes of an inert gas to remove remaining traces of hydrocarbons. All these processes are performed by the oil washing system onboard.
From the oil field, the product is delivered via pipelines to the loading terminal for tankers or trains. These bulk movers then deliver it to the pipelines that serve the demand side of the market. Due to the sensitive nature of some end products, it is safer to refine the oil on the consumer side than to ferry them over the open seas.
Pipelines are arguably the safest means of transporting the sensitive products because they remain concealed beneath the earth surface. They link field gathering systems to storage and treatment facilities for measurements. A common feature with all pipelines is the presence of booster pumps along the transport route to propel the flowing liquids. Contrary to popular belief, these pipes are periodically used to move more than one kind of fluid to a designated point.
Popular sources of crude such as the Latin Americas and the middle east are heavily dependent on sea transport to market their products around the world. The international trade makes use of Very Large Crude Carriers to move crude across continents. There are big pollution risks associated with tankers whenever an oil spill occurs at sea.
For this reason, many shipping companies employ collision avoidance and satellite systems to trace the current location of their ships. Developments in technology have allowed the invention of specialized tankers such as the replenishment oiler that fuels moving vessels. All stakeholders in this industry are governed by strict regulations because of the risk they pose to the environment.
Chartering can either e voyage, bareboat, time or affreightment based. Every merchant ship must have a flag state which indicates the country in which it is registered. Registration efforts are also aimed at conducting inspection of both vessels and onboard equipment to ensure it meets the stipulated safety standards. Due to the stringent nature of these standards, tankers account for the largest percentage of scrapped vessels in the world.
At the loading point, the cargo mover reservoirs are filled with crude oil introduced through the loading manifold. All tanks have a mechanism that periodically links to the atmosphere to regulate the pressure of the fluid being handled. At the offloading points, the onboard pumps move the crude to awaiting reservoirs offshore. Afterwards, the tank may be cleaned in readiness for the handling of the next liquefied commodity to be moved.
If the crude oil transportation vessel held a less viscous liquid, water may suffice as a cleaning fluid. Sometimes, the water is heated and introduced by a high pressure spraying system all over the inner tank surface. Purging is them done by pumping volumes of an inert gas to remove remaining traces of hydrocarbons. All these processes are performed by the oil washing system onboard.
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